PISA glossary
Key terms from the PISA frameworks in three languages. Each has a short definition and a link to the relevant framework page.
| ENG | ҚАЗ | РУС | Definition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assessment framework | Бағалаудың тұжырымдамалық негізі | Концептуальная рамка оценивания | The document that defines what PISA measures in a domain, which processes and contexts it covers, and how tasks are built. → |
| Reading literacy | Оқу сауаттылығы | Читательская грамотность | Understanding, using, evaluating, reflecting on and engaging with texts to achieve one's goals, develop knowledge and participate in society. → |
| Mathematical literacy | Математикалық сауаттылық | Математическая грамотность | The capacity to reason mathematically and to formulate, employ and interpret mathematics to solve problems in real-world contexts. → |
| Scientific literacy | Жаратылыстану-ғылыми сауаттылық | Естественнонаучная грамотность | The ability to engage with science-related issues and ideas as a reflective citizen: explaining phenomena, evaluating enquiry, and using scientific information. → |
| Innovative domain | Инновациялық бағыт | Инновационный домен | An additional skill assessed in a single PISA cycle alongside reading, mathematics and science. → |
| Media & AI Literacy (MAIL) | Медиа және ЖИ сауаттылығы (MAIL) | Медиа- и ИИ-грамотность (MAIL) | The innovative domain of PISA 2029: engaging critically and responsibly with media content and artificial intelligence. → |
| Locate information | Ақпаратты табу | Находить информацию | A reading process: finding and selecting relevant information within or across texts. → |
| Understand | Түсіну | Понимать | A reading process: grasping literal meaning, integrating information and drawing inferences. → |
| Evaluate and reflect | Бағалау және рефлексия | Оценивать и осмысливать | A reading process: judging quality and credibility, reflecting on content and form, handling conflicting information. → |
| Multiple-source text | Бірнеше дереккөзден тұратын мәтін | Текст из нескольких источников | A set of texts by different authors or from different times that the reader has to compare and connect. → |
| Mathematical reasoning | Математикалық пайымдау | Математическое рассуждение | Logical thinking with mathematical concepts and arguments; at the centre of the PISA 2022 mathematics framework. → |
| Formulate | Тұжырымдау | Формулировать | A mathematics process: turning a real-world situation into a mathematical problem. → |
| Employ | Қолдану | Применять | A mathematics process: using concepts, facts and procedures to reach a mathematical result. → |
| Interpret and evaluate | Түсіндіру және бағалау | Интерпретировать и оценивать | A mathematics process: translating a mathematical result back into the situation and checking if it makes sense. → |
| Explain phenomena scientifically | Құбылыстарды ғылыми тұрғыдан түсіндіру | Научно объяснять явления | A science competency: recognising, offering and evaluating explanations for natural and technological phenomena. → |
| Scientific enquiry | Ғылыми зерттеу | Научное исследование | Designing and evaluating investigations: asking a testable question, controlling variables, planning measurements. → |
| Data and evidence | Деректер мен дәлелдер | Данные и доказательства | Interpreting data critically: reading tables and graphs, drawing justified conclusions, noticing their limits. → |
| Context | Контекст | Контекст | The situation in which a task is set: personal, local or national, global (in mathematics also occupational and scientific). → |
| Proficiency level | Меңгеру деңгейі | Уровень владения | A band on the PISA scale with a description of what students at that level can typically do. → |
| Baseline level of proficiency | Базалық деңгей | Базовый уровень | Level 2: the point from which students begin to use their skills on their own in everyday situations. → |
| Low performers | Төмен нәтиже көрсеткен оқушылар | Ученики с низкими результатами | Students who score below Level 2. → |
| Top performers | Озат оқушылар | Наиболее успешные ученики | Students who reach Level 5 or 6. → |
| Unit / item | Тапсырмалар блогы / тапсырма | Блок заданий / задание | A unit is a shared stimulus with several questions; each question is an item. → |
| Stimulus | Бастапқы материал | Исходный материал | The text, table, graph or simulation that the questions in a unit are based on. → |
| Open constructed response | Ашық жауапты тапсырма | Задание со свободным ответом | An item where students write their own answer, which trained coders score using a guide. → |
| Released items | Жарияланған тапсырмалар | Опубликованные задания | Items the OECD has made public after use; they show the style of PISA tasks. → |
| Multistage adaptive testing | Көпсатылы бейімделгіш тестілеу | Многоэтапное адаптивное тестирование | A design in which the next block of items depends on how the student did on the previous one. → |
| Sample | Іріктеме | Выборка | Schools and students selected by a scientific procedure so that results describe the whole system. → |
| Student questionnaire | Оқушы сауалнамасы | Анкета учащегося | Questions about students' background, attitudes, school and use of technology. → |
| Plausible values | Ықтимал мәндер | Правдоподобные значения | Several estimates of each student's score used to calculate group results correctly; they are not individual scores. → |
| Standard error / link error | Стандартты қате / байланыстыру қатесі | Стандартная ошибка / ошибка связывания | Measures of uncertainty. When comparing cycles, both must be taken into account to say whether a change is significant. → |
| ESCS index | ESCS индексі | Индекс ESCS | PISA index of economic, social and cultural status, based on parents' education and occupation and home possessions. → |
| Low-stakes assessment | Қатысушы үшін салдары жоқ бағалау | Оценивание без последствий для участника | An assessment whose results carry no consequences for the student or school. PISA is low-stakes. → |
The Kazakh terms are the editors' proposals. If you know a better equivalent, let us know: the glossary is built together.